Extending an LVM (Logical Volume Manager) partition and disk in Ubuntu involves the following steps:
df -h
# display all disks and partitions
sudo lsblk
# Extend sda 3 partition to use all available space
sudo growpart /dev/sda3
# Extend the PV (Physical Volume) where the LVM disk is located
sudo pvresize /dev/sda3
# Extend LV Disk
sudo lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
# Extend filesystem in LV to make disk space available
sudo resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv